菜豆采后贮藏期间的生理变化

菜豆采后在贮藏期间失水严重,硬度迅速下降;呼吸速率缓慢上升,跃变高峰出现在第8d;果肉细胞膜透性在采后初期变化缓慢,后期急剧上升;果实叶绿素、蛋白质、维生素C和有机酸的含量一直呈下降趋势,而果实总糖的含量先升后降,室温贮藏8d后菜豆的商业品质迅速下降.     

砂地柏化学成分及生物活性研究进展

对砂地柏(S abina vu lg aris A n t.)化学成分及其生物活性进行了较为全面的综述,重点总结、分析了该植物富含的萜烯类和鬼臼毒素类化合物的抗癌活性和杀虫活性的研究进展,并提出了进一步深入开展砂地柏杀虫作用研究和开发利用的思路及设想。     

菜豆种质资源等位酶标记的研究

收集了黑龙江省 4 3个栽培品种 ,国际热带农业中心 13个半野生品种 ,波兰 4个矮生品种共 6 0个菜豆品种资源 ,应用等位酶标记进行了 10个酶系统检测 ,共获得 2 5个位点 ,多态位点比率为 0 .16 ,其平均遗传距离为 0 .0 5 6 8。采用平均距离法 ,将该品种资源聚成 8大类 ,其中蔓生种占 5类 ,矮生种 2类 ,半野生种 2类。说明蔓生种遗传距离较远 ,可作为育种材料储备种质资源     

不同浓度Na_2CO_3胁迫柳穿鱼幼苗的生理指标变化

为科学评价哈尔滨太阳岛自然植被种源柳穿鱼在不同浓度Na2CO3处理下的适应能力,以柳穿鱼实生幼苗采用5种浓度Na2CO3(5mmol/L,10mmol/L,20mmol/L,40mmol/L,80mmol/L)处理4周,测定其相对电导率、脯氨酸、可溶性蛋白、相对含水量、丙二醛、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)6项生理指标。结果表明:柳穿鱼的相对电导率、脯氨酸与处理时间、浓度呈正相关;相对含水量与处理时间、浓度呈负正相关;可溶性蛋白含量随胁迫浓度增大而增大;5~10mmol/L处理组SOD活性逐渐上升,20~80mmol/L处理组SOD活性先升高后降低;无丙二醛含量检出。柳穿鱼幼苗在5mmol/L Na2CO3胁迫下无影响,能够通过自身调节适应10~20mmol/L Na2CO3胁迫,在40~80mmol/L Na2CO3胁迫下则枝叶干枯。     

Validation of the otolith increment deposition ratio using alizarin marks in juveniles of the sparid fishes, Diplodus vulgaris and D. puntazzo

Deposition rate of otolith increments was validated by two immersions in alizarin complexone 10 days apart in juvenile Diplodus vulgaris and D. puntazzo. Alizarin complexone produced a well-defined scarlet band on the otoliths of all individuals. One increment:one day ratio was found for both species.     

Colouring ornamental fish (Cyprinus carpio and Carassius auratus) with microalgal biomass

Koi carp and goldfish value increases with intensity of skin colour, which is an important quality criterion. Fish cannot fully synthesize their own carotenoid colourings and these must therefore be included in their diet. Two trials were undertaken to investigate skin colour enhancement in ornamental species (i.e. three chromatic varieties of koi carp (Cyprinus carpio), namely Kawari (red), Showa (black and red) and Bekko (black and white) and goldfish (Carassius auratus)) by feeding a dietary carotenoid supplement of freshwater microalgal biomass [Chlorella vulgaris, Haematococcus pluvialis, and also the cyanobacterium Arthrospira maxima (Spirulina)], using a diet containing synthetic astaxanthin and a control diet with no colouring added for comparison. In the first trial, five homogeneous duplicate groups of 25 juvenile koi carp (C. carpio) (initial mean body weight 24.6 ± 0.7 g) were fed, for 10 weeks, one of the four diets containing 80 mg colouring/kg diet. In the second trial, this procedure was repeated for five homogeneous duplicate groups of 25 goldfish (C. auratus) (initial mean body weight of 0.9 ± 0.1 g). Initial and final samples of skin along the dorsal fin were withdrawn, from five fish per group, for subsequent analysis of total carotenoid content (spectrophotometric analysis), and red hue (colorimetric analysis, CIE (1976) L* a* b* colour system). Growth and feed efficiency were not significantly different between groups administered by the various dietary treatments. In both trials, dietary carotenoid supplementation increased total skin carotenoid content. The more efficient colouring for koi carps was found to be C. vulgaris biomass, providing both maximum total carotenoid deposition and red hue for the three chromatic koi carp varieties studied, and particularly for the kawari variety. For goldfish the best colouring obtained, as ascertained by total carotenoid content, was also achieved using C. vulgaris biomass, and red hue was maximum when using H. pluvialis biomass.     

小球藻固定化培养的初步研究

用海藻酸钙作固定化载体，初步探讨了海藻酸钠浓度、CaCl2浓度、胶球密度、胶球直径等固定化条件对小球藻（Chlorella vulgaris)生长的影响。确定了优化的固定化条件为：4＃针头、2％的海藻酸钠溶液和0．15mol/L的CaCl2溶液制备固定化小球藻，在含50mL培养液的150mL三角烧瓶内放置250个小球藻胶球时，其生长速度较高，生长周期较长。与游离的小球藻相比，固定化小球藻生长速率慢，但生长周期长。实验结果为微藻固定化技术的应用和发展提供了必要的实验数据和理论基础。     

Pigmentation of gilthead seabream, Sparus aurata (L. 1875), using Chlorella vulgaris (Chlorophyta, Volvocales) microalga

A feeding experiment was conducted over 9 weeks with seven groups of 30 (fish per group) unpigmented gilthead seabream, Sparus aurata (L. 1875) (initial mean weight = 145.2 ± 12.3 g). Three experimental diets were prepared by adding to a basal diet free of carotenoid (final pigment content of around 40 mg per kg feed): (i) a biomass of the carotenogenic Chlorella vulgaris (Chlorophyta, Volvocales); (ii) a synthetic astaxanthin; and (iii) a mixture (1:1) of microalgal biomass and synthetic astaxanthin. At 3‐week intervals, five fish were sampled from each tank for total carotenoids analysis in skin and muscle. The carotenoid pigments (total amount = 0.4%) identified in the carotenogenic alga were lutein (0.3%), β‐carotene (1.2%), canthaxanthin (36.2%), astaxanthin, free and esterified forms (55.0%), and other pigments (7.3%). Carotenoid pigments were significantly deposited in the four skin zones studied during the feeding trial: the forefront between the eyes, the opercule, along the dorsal fin and in the abdominal area. In the muscle, regardless of the astaxanthin source, the amount of carotenoids measured was very low (less than 1 mg kg^?1) and differences not significant. Moreover, no muscle pigmentation was evident, and there was no variation in the amount of carotenoid analysed in skin tissue, through the trial, for each treatment. It was concluded that supplementing the feed with C. vulgaris would be an acceptable practice in aquaculture to improve the market appeal of the gilthead seabream.     

外源硒对60Co-γ辐射下菜豆幼苗生长和生理的影响

为探讨外源硒对⁶⁰Co-γ辐射下菜豆幼苗生长以及生理的影响,以菜豆品种‘13-6-1-2’和‘紫冠’为试验材料,通过外源喷施50 μg/mL的亚硒酸钠(Na₂SeO₃)溶液,研究⁶⁰Co-γ辐射(120 Gy)下外源Se对菜豆的表型、抗氧化酶活性(POD、SOD、CAT)、丙二醛(MDA)、叶绿素以及硒含量的影响。结果显示,⁶⁰Co-γ辐射下外源硒显著提高了菜豆幼苗体内的硒含量,也不同程度提高了抗氧化酶活性及MDA和叶绿素的含量。研究表明,叶面喷施适当浓度的外源硒可以促进菜豆的生长发育,提高菜豆自身的硒含量,提高其抗氧化能力,缓解⁶⁰Co-γ射线对菜豆幼苗生长的影响。     

甜菜热激蛋白基因BvHSP18.2的克隆和生物信息学分析

旨在通过基因克隆及生物信息学分析,预测甜菜小分子热激蛋白BvHSP18.2 (LOC104903994)的功能。以甜菜‘780016B/12优’为试验材料克隆BvHSP18.2,获得BvHSP18.2基因全长;通过ProtParam tool、SWISS-MODEL、MEGA11等对BvHSP18.2的理化性质、蛋白结构、多序列比对等信息进行分析。RT-PCR扩增得到的BvHSP18.2基因全长为962 bp,编码158个氨基酸,分子式为C₉₂₈H₁₄₆₆N₂₆₆O₂₈₄S₆,属亲水性不稳定的小分子热激蛋白家族;该基因编码蛋白含13个磷酸化位点,α螺旋和无规则卷曲等主要构件。进化关系发现BvHSP18.2与藜麦、菠菜的sHSP同源性相似。同时,BvHSP18.2基因启动子区域具有参与防御和应激反应等顺式作用元件,推测其在甜菜生长发育和胁迫应答中发挥重要作用。本结果为进一步开展该基因的功能和遗传调控机制研究奠定了基础。